Recently illustrated overviews dealt with LIP, MOUTH, SALIVA, THROAT, ESOPHAGUS, ABDOMEN, BELLY, STOMACH, LIVER and other related themes. To continue, we focus now on KIDNEY, URINE and NEPHROLOGY. 

It may surprise some that KIDney may share roots with KID and that NEPhrology shares roots with NEPTUNE. In any case, it is clear that to fully grasp "water making", NEPTUNE or POSEIDON have to be considered. In fact, NEPTUNIAN stands for "formed by water action" as is the case with URINE. Saturated urines point to Saturn and urination to Uranus. Urine is a fertilizer and Uranus stood for fertilizing rain. In fact, Neptune, Uranus and Pluto are deities that are intertwined. Finally, urine, ouron or orina is golden in color as reflected in the Latin and Spanish words auro or oro.

Dogs micturate on columns as much as on hydrants.
Formerly dogs were welcomed in Churches

The mother of Poseidon  was RHEA or CYBELE from whom FLow all goods and is the source of RHEOLOGY or the science concerned with the FLow of FLuids. Poseidon's father was CHRONus from whom FLow ideas in CHRONology and CHRONic.

Wladimir with Trident	Trident - The State Seal of Ukraine	Poseidon with Trident

The symbol of Poseidon was his trident. To this day, some Russian extremists have strong objections to the trident. In fact, the Bolsheviks as successors of Autocratic Russia, felt that in their USSR, statues of Neptune should show him holding a blunt stick rather than a trident only. Knowledgeable tourists found this hilarious since most visitors were not informed that Neptune's trident is the symbol and state seal of  those who aspired for an independent Ukraine. In fact, the use of a Ukrainian trident during the Russian colonization of Ukraine was a serious offense that could result in a sentence to the GULAG ... a "veritable empire of death" described by Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Gogol, Solzhenitsyn, Kuznetsov, Sakharov and others.

NERka, the Ukrainian word for KIDNEY, suggest a link with NEPtune and  with NEReus, the son of Oceanus and Gaea. NEReus fathered many NEReides and one of them, Amphitrite, became the spouse of Poseidon. Nereides in "old rus" or Ukraine are called RUSalki. In any case, this convoluted pedigree of NEPtune, NEPhrology, URine and UkRaine is provocative as is the fact that scientist named adjacent elements as URanium and NEPtunium.

URine and its roots in OURon also apply to UDRA or HYDRA found in HYDROGEN and in Latin UNDA for WAVE. OURanus or URANUS  stood for fertilizing rain and in Sanskrit VARSHA denotes rain and VARI is WATER, WASH as are  VODA which in Ukrainian stand for water and a "water like" alcoholic beverage Russians call VODKA and Ukrainians "horilka" (fire water).

Neptune with his Trident

Later, the Greek root OUREIN gave rise  to ORINA, Spanish  for URINE as well as to URETER and URETHRA.

URINE or OUREIN flows into the renal PELVIS or CALYX or CALYCES, terms that denote CHALICE, CUP or VASE from Latin, Greek and Sanskrit PELUIS, PELUX and PALAVI.

The URETERS conduct the urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder and from there, the urine is eliminated via the URETHRA.

Nephrosis	Morals	Pregnancy
Diagnosis by Urine analysis

The urethra ends in a MEATUS, a general term for "opening". The meatus is surrounded by a voluntary sphincter. In Spanish MEAR or MICCION have the same meaning as the Greek root OUREIN or MICTURITION or in vernacular terms "to urinate" or "to piss".

To MEAr implies to open the MEAtus and to void a SATUR or full URInary bladder through the UREthra.

Other related terms to OUREIN such as UREA, UREMIA, URACHUS, DYSURIA, ANURIA, DIURESIS, among others, are the subject of notes and comments found through links shown in the list on the left.

To further SATURate the ideas, SATURdays could be dedicated to  SATURN and his kindred deities NEPtune and to NEPHrology.